Lazarus of Bethany

Beloved Friend of Jesus, Raised from the Dead

c. 30 AD · New Testament

Quick Summary

The friend of Jesus whom he raised from the dead four days after his burial — the climactic sign in John's Gospel pointing to Christ's identity as the resurrection and the life.

Biography

Lazarus of Bethany was the brother of Martha and Mary, close friends of Jesus living in the village of Bethany about two miles east of Jerusalem. The family appears in three Gospel scenes. (1) Luke 10:38-42 — Martha serves while Mary sits at Jesus's feet. (2) John 11 — the raising of Lazarus. (3) John 12:1-8 — Mary anoints Jesus's feet at a dinner in their home. John 11 is the central account. Lazarus fell ill. Mary and Martha sent word to Jesus. Jesus deliberately delayed two days. By the time he arrived, Lazarus had been dead and buried four days. Both sisters greeted Jesus with the same words: 'Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.' Jesus's response to Martha included one of the most famous declarations in Scripture: 'I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this?' (John 11:25-26). When Jesus reached the tomb, he wept — recorded as the shortest verse in the Bible: 'Jesus wept' (John 11:35). He commanded the stone removed despite Martha's objection ('by this time he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days'). After praying, he called: 'Lazarus, come forth!' Lazarus walked out, bound in graveclothes. Jesus said: 'Loose him, and let him go.' The raising is the climactic sign in John's Gospel. It also triggered the final plot to kill Jesus. The Sanhedrin convened: 'If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him' (John 11:48). After his resurrection, Lazarus continued living. John 12:9-11 records that 'much people of the Jews' came to see him, and the chief priests plotted to kill him too. Christian tradition has Lazarus traveling to Cyprus and serving as bishop there for 30 years.

Key Events in Their Life

Family hospitality in Bethany

Luke 10:38-42

Martha serves; Mary sits at Jesus's feet

Lazarus's illness

John 11:1-6

Sisters send word; Jesus delays two days

I am the resurrection

John 11:25-26

Jesus's declaration to Martha

Jesus wept

John 11:35

Shortest verse in the Bible

The raising

John 11:38-44

"Lazarus, come forth!"

Sanhedrin's plot

John 11:45-53

The raising triggered the plot to kill Jesus

Theological Significance

Lazarus's raising is the climactic sign in John's Gospel — Christ's clearest demonstration that he is 'the resurrection, and the life.' Three things give it particular significance. (1) Public undeniability — four days dead, decomposing body, many witnesses. (2) It was Christ's own arrest warrant — the Sanhedrin's plot to kill Jesus was confirmed immediately after. (3) It prefigured Christ's own resurrection on a smaller scale. Lazarus came out bound; Christ's graveclothes would be left folded in the tomb. Lazarus would die again; Christ would die no more. The 'Jesus wept' moment shows that knowing the outcome does not prevent God's compassion in grief.

Lessons

  • God's delays are not denials — they may be timing for greater glory
  • Jesus weeps with us even when he knows the outcome
  • Faith confesses 'I am the resurrection' even when we cannot see how
  • Public proof of God's power can produce both faith and hatred
  • Friendship with Jesus is precious

Frequently Asked Questions

Who was Lazarus in the Bible?

Lazarus was a close friend of Jesus, the brother of Martha and Mary, living in Bethany about two miles from Jerusalem. He is best known as the man Jesus raised from the dead in John 11 — the climactic sign in John's Gospel. The raising occurred four days after his death and directly triggered the Sanhedrin's final plot to kill Jesus.

How long was Lazarus dead before Jesus raised him?

Four days. John 11:39 records Martha's objection: 'by this time he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days.' The duration is significant — Jewish tradition held that the soul departed after three days, making restoration impossible. Lazarus's resurrection after four days demonstrated Christ's power exceeded all human limits.

What did Jesus say when he raised Lazarus?

John 11:43 — 'And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth.' Lazarus came out 'bound hand and foot with graveclothes' and Jesus said: 'Loose him, and let him go' (John 11:44).

Did Lazarus die again after Jesus raised him?

Yes — Lazarus's raising was a return to ordinary human life, not the final resurrection. Like all humans, Lazarus eventually died a second time. This is one important distinction between Lazarus's raising and Christ's resurrection: Christ rose to die no more (Romans 6:9). Christian tradition holds Lazarus became a bishop in Cyprus.

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